Methodology

Sourcing

Primary sources only — peer-reviewed trials and meta-analyses, read directly, not summarised secondhand. Every claim carries a citation with a PMID where one exists.

The strength indicator

Each evidence block on this site carries a five-step strength bar. It weighs study design (meta-analysis and RCT outrank observational data), sample size, and whether the finding has been independently replicated. It is a judgment call, made transparently, not an algorithm — disagreement is welcome via the "Report an error" link on every article.

What "reviewed" means

Every reference page carries a "last reviewed" date in its header. That is the date the sources were last re-checked against current literature — not the publish date. Pages due for re-review are not silently left stale.

Disclosure

Affiliate links are marked inline, next to the recommendation, not in a footer nobody reads. See the full affiliate disclosure.